World War I s Nationalism - 1123 Words

World War I’s Nationalism Mr. Feddersen Katie Currier February 10, 2016 Nationalism is a feeling that â€Å"people have of being loyal to and proud of their country often with the belief that it is better and more important than other countries† (Simple). Nationalism along with militarism and imperialism caused the internal conflicts in Europe. But Nationalism was the primary cause of the internal conflicts in Europe that became World War I. Europe’s nationalism in the 1800’s was called century of peace. Britain, France, and Germany had opponents in far away countries with quick victories which kept nationalism rising. Britain’s empire spanned twenty five percent of the globe during the two centuries of imperial, commercial, and naval dominance. The unification of Germany frightened Britain nationalists (Nationalism).German nationalism came from different origins but it was no less intense than Europe s. Germany’s nationalism was bound by the 26 German speaking territories and states that acted like the glue. The leaders of 1871 Germany relied on nationalism to strengthen the nation and gain public support. Nationalism in Germany was mainly reflected by Germany’s military forces. As Europe’s countries began to spread nationalism they all wanted to have extended power and the number one military. Before Wilhelm became king, Otto Von Bismarck was king of Germany. Bismarck was the main reason Germany was one of the biggest European powers.When WilhelmShow MoreRelatedNationalism and War Essay1087 Words   |  5 PagesNationalism and War Does nationalism have a relationship with the causes of the wars between 1792 and 1914? This can be disputed through the events of the French Revolution, the Napoleonic Wars, the unification struggles of Germany and Italy in the late 1800’s, the Alliance systems of the late 1800’s and the assassination of the Austrian archduke before the outbreak of World War 1. During the French Revolution in 1792, an effort was made to remove Austrian presence from French lands. ThisRead MoreNationalism Is Not Always A Bad Thing949 Words   |  4 Pages â€Å"Nationalism Is Not Necessarily a Bad Thing†, this is an article recently written by Michael Barone who claims that Nationalism is not always so bad. The author believes that if Nationalism is understood properly, it can be used as a driving force to unite disparate people into a society with a responsible government to guard them against foreign attacks. He thinks that Nationalist, being the citizens, feel stronger bond with their country. Thus, they consider serving their country as their responsibilityRead MoreWorld War I And The Era Of The Twentieth Century Essay1630 Words   |  7 Pagessaid,† Nationalism is an infantile disease. It is the measles of mankind.† Nationalism has played a significant role throughout history. Nationalism can be defined as having a sense of belongin g and loyalty to one s state or country. With growing middle classes and their desire to expand political power modern nationalism arose to create equal liberty and equality for all. (Mescevic) In the twentieth century new forms of nationalism emerged. In the United States, the basis of nationalism was notRead MoreHow Does Nationalism Influence Europe During The 20th Century? Essay1083 Words   |  5 PagesVirginia, writes, Nationalism is an ideology about an individuated being, it is a form of group identity that arose during the French Revolution and Napoleonic period, it provides people with a form of identity-based on a common language, culture, historical situation, and religion or race(Handler H. (1988).† Based on this description when we think about the role of Nationalism in Europe during the 20th century we are inclined to remember that the strong feelings of nationalism ultimately came toRead MoreNationalism As A Cause Of World War I1477 Words   |  6 Pages Nationalism as a Cause of World War I Matthew Moore Ms. Beck Honors World Cultures Period 3 19 May 2017 Nationalism entails the people of a nation â€Å"exalting one nation above all others and placing primary emphasis on promotion of its culture and interests as opposed to those of other nations or supranational groups.† The concept of nationalism, essentially an extremist’s angle to patriotism, fueled the actions of many countries heading into World War I. Before the war, nationalismRead MoreWorld War I And The Great War1004 Words   |  5 PagesWorld War I or the Great War as it became known, occurred due to many causes, some of which are still unknown. The obvious trigger was the assassination of the heir to the AustriaHungarian throne archduke Ferdinand and his wife Sophie on the twenty-eighth of June 1914. But a great portion of the cause dealt with past disputes between the Great Powers and such aggressive principles as Nationalism: the strong feeling of pride and devotion to one s country, Imperialism: the domination of one countryRead MoreThe Importance Of Nationalism1434 Words   |  6 Pages Nationalism is a political ideology that has been around since the 19th century, the idea of nationalism stands for the nation-state and the love for the nation-state. It is able to bind different members of society within a certain geographical location to form a stronger bond and give the nation a sense of belonging and identity. Nationalism has been one of the most influential and powerful forces of the twentieth century because nationalism helps bring people together that share a similar languageRead MoreImpact of Nationalism1424 Words   |  6 PagesImpact of Nationalism During the 19th and 20th centuries, nationalism played a crucial role in shaping the world, both constructively and destructively. Throughout history, nationalism can be found almost everywhere, with the desire for self-determination and independence as its primary catalysts. Nationalism can take form in politicians, national leaders, propaganda and mass media. In the last two centuries, the collapse of the Ottoman Empire, the emergence of independent nations, the twoRead MoreThe Impact Of Nationalism1325 Words   |  6 Pages Nationalism is a sense of putting one’s country before themselves and everything else due to common cultures, languages and other customs. It has been a part of the way modern history has been shaped since the late 18th century with Napoleon, all the way to present day. As one historian wrote, Nationalism is a â€Å"Political outlook†¦that a nation is composed of people who are joined together by the bonds of a common language†¦customs, cultu re, and history† (9/13/17). Nationalism has shaped the historyRead MoreWorld War I. Student’S Name. University Affiliation. .1496 Words   |  6 Pages World War I Student’s Name University Affiliation World War I The immediate cause of the World War I was the assassination of Archduke Ferdinand. However, there are several events that go back to into the 19th century, that led to the war. For instance, imperialism, militarism, and nationalism played a huge role in the conception of the war. Many countries had ensured that they had mutual agreements as a defense mechanism to pull them through in case of battle. As such, if one

Definition of Good and Evil - 821 Words

Throughout human existence, questions have arisen concerning the nature of good and evil. Many scientist, philosophers, and theologians have been intrigued by these questions. Through Augustines Confessions and E. O. Wilsons In Search of Nature, one is accessible to two distinct perspectives concerning the nature of good and evil. Augustine sets up an argument in his Confession that attempts to define evil. God is the author of everything. Augustine says, nothing that exists could exist without You [God] (Book I, Chapter II). Nothing in this world exists apart from God. For Augustine, God is good because everything He made is good. Everything about God is good. No aspect of Him is lacking, false, or not good. However, the†¦show more content†¦When one thinks of evil, does one not think about being sly, deceptive, malevolent, or betrayed? Wilson creates a scientific picture introducing the Serpent as the bridge between biology and culture (Wilson 5) and thus a permanent depiction of our worldly view of evil. It is through our myths and legends together with fear of the unknown beyond our deaths, Wilson argues, that we as humans concoct a tangible depiction of evil. Augustine offers a different perspective referring to Christian doctrine, finally concluding that evil exists only as the absence of good or absence of God, stating to Your [God] whole creation likewise, evil is not (Book VII, Chapter XIII). Although the theories seem essentially divergent, it is clear throughout both narratives that evil is intrinsically unknown, that it is our own fears that proceed to make it into a power or substance and yet we as human beings have no way of proving or disproving itsShow MoreRelated Definition Of Good And Evil Essay814 Words   |  4 PagesThroughout human existence, questions have arisen concerning the nature of go od and evil. Many scientist, philosophers, and theologians have been intrigued by these questions. Through Augustine’s Confessions and E. O. Wilson’s In Search of Nature, one is accessible to two distinct perspectives concerning the nature of good and evil. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Augustine sets up an argument in his Confession that attempts to define evil. God is the author of everything. Augustine says, â€Å"nothing that existsRead MoreWhat is Evil Essay654 Words   |  3 Pagesmany to be evil. The definition of the word evil depends entirely upon the reader or writers perspective upon the word. The most innocent and simple ways that of would define evil is by simply saying that evil is the exact opposite of good, but what is good? In order to understand the true meaning of evil, we must first be able to describe what good is, what has goodness produced, and what has evil truly defied. To understand evil we must first understand the concept that good and evil are term orRead MoreThe Dark Knight and Defining Evil Essay1727 Words   |  7 Pagesexcerpt from Evil: A Primer, William Hart goes through a painstaking process in trying to pin down the definition of evil. â€Å"Despite five thousand years of recorded human wrong doing, despite all that out prophets and scholars and poets and undead homicidal maniacs have told us, the origin and definition of evil remain impossible to pin down† (Hart 2). Hart tries to define evil and in the end he is able to boil the root of evil to a lengthy list of criteria and an empty definition. This inabilityRead MoreThe Logical Problem Of Evil Essay1225 Words   |  5 Pageslogical problem of evil and how it seems to reject the existence of God as an omni-3 being. I will first layout the logical problem of evil, and then I will explain why it succeeds in disproving the existence of God. I do this through pointing out the c ontradictions between the definition of God as an omni-3 being and the problem of redeemed and unredeemed evil. As well as by proving that admittance of evil in any way when in reference to the choices of God invalidates the omni-3 definition of God. I willRead MoreMackies Argument : Evil And Omnipotence1264 Words   |  6 PagesPaper 1: On Mackie’s Argument In J. L. Mackie’s â€Å"Evil and Omnipotence,† the author presents an argument detailing why belief in a both omnipotent and wholly good God is contradictory to a God who allows evil to exist. He utilizes this philosophy to show that God doesn’t exist due to the problem of evil. As Mackie’s delineates in his first paragraph, â€Å"I think, however, that a more telling criticism can be made by way of the traditional problem of evil. Here it can be shown, not only that religious beliefsRead MoreEvil And The Existence Of Evil Essay1478 Words   |  6 PagesEvil and miracles, can they both exist in our modern everyday life? Evil s existence has no doubt to be present due to all the horrors we have heard about or witnessed. While as for miracles, the existence is constantly questioned if they exist and what classifies as a true miracle. These concepts battle with theism and cause a great uproar to the existence of a powerful, omnipotent, and omniscient bei ng. The definition of evil is the absence of good while the definition of a miracle is an unexpectedRead More The Problem of Evil Disproved by the Free Will Defense Essay1059 Words   |  5 PagesThe Problem of Evil Disproved by the Free Will Defense The Problem of Evil states that because evil exists the existence of a tri-omni being, which we typically refer to as God, is impossible. This argument, if proved to be true, would refute the Cosmological Argument for God’s Existence. The Cosmological Argument states that not every being can be a dependent being without infinite regress (which is believed to be impossible), so there exists a tri-omni self dependent being knownRead MoreThe Story The Shack 1462 Words   |  6 PagesChoices, There is Good and There is Evil The first time I read the novel â€Å"The Shack,† I immediately empathized with the main character. The story is about a little girl who was abducted from a camping site and found murdered. Its main story line follows the emotional roller coaster of her father, Mack. Not to give the entire story away, I will not discuss exactly what Mack experienced. However, losing his daughter filled him with so much pain and anger. Mack could not understand how this could happenRead MoreMr. L. Mackie s Evil And Omnipotence1718 Words   |  7 Pages L. Mackie’s â€Å"Evil and Omnipotence† criticizes the argument that God exists by showing that religious beliefs are positively irrational and that parts of the essential theological doctrine are inconsistent with one another. The problem of evil is one of the oldest problems in philosophy. The problem of evil is a logical problem for only the people who believe that there is a God who is both (1) omnipotent and (2) wholly good; y et (3) evil exists in the world. If God is wholly good and omnipotentRead MoreEssay about The Nature of Evil1552 Words   |  7 PagesEvil is the violation of a moral code. Evil is the dualistic opposite of good. Evil causes harm. While scattered dictionaries may offer these clear-cut definitions, in reality a theme so prevalent in all spheres of life from the dawn of man takes on limitless forms. The word itself has come to symbolize the dividing line between regular people and callous monsters; demonic criminals who show no sign of compassion and no adherence to virtue. Ideas concerning evil have been strung along through the

Ray Kroc Essay Example For Students

Ray Kroc Essay Ray KrocPROBLEM STATEMENT :In order for McDonalds to reach its goal of par excellence, it mustuse the full meaning and definition of marketing. Marketing is giving the targetmarket what they want, when and where they want it, at a price they are willingto pay for it. REFLECTION / OPINIONFor McDonalds to achieve its par excellence, they must focus on thefact that there is an ever changing market and that the wants and needs ofconsumers are constantly changing. Since McDonalds has been around for forty-one years, it is safe to say that they are the father of the fast food industryand that they have set an example for others to follow. When Ray Kroc bought the first McDonalds in 1955, he focused on whatpeople wanted. With this focus came the utilization of Mr. Krocs theory of QSC( quality, service, and cleanliness ). QSC successfully got McDonalds off the ground, but as times changed,the company saw many more market segments and opportunities. In the 1970s and1980s once again McDonalds lead the way in the fast food industry. The changeswe saw included, for example, the fact that women were now a major part of thework force and dual income families were becoming a more common occurrence. McDonalds became a mastermind of marketing toward specific markets bypioneering ideas such as breakfast menus, healthier choices and alternatives,and adult foods. McDonalds has truly evolved into a world power by payingattention to the needs and wants of the changing market and adjusting to theseneeds. LINKING THEORY :Ray Kroc saw early on what needed to be done. He changed what was at onetime a product orientation, into a marketing orientation. Back in 1955, this wasstill a new type of management. From the beginning, Kroc was already in theforefront of marketing. Marketing orientation focuses on the customer and what they want in aproduct, rather than product orientation which focuses on the product itself. McDonalds has taken every aspect of marketing orientation and utilized thephilosophy to its fullest. McDonalds has focused in on the customer needs andwants, sometimes even putting the ideas into the consumers mind before theyeven knew what they wanted or expected. McDonalds could deliver! They have doneextensive market analysis and product development based on this analysis. Theyhave packaged their food and priced it exactly to the market segment which theyhave targeted. Showing McDonalds innovations in marketing even further, is its earlyadaptation of societal marketing. Societal marketing takes into account theoverall concerns of the target market, the environment, for example. McDonaldsgot rid of their one time innovative styrofoam packaging and replaced it withmore environmentally sound paper packaging. They stress the fact that they areenvironmentally aware, by reminding us not to litter, etc., on their variousforms of packaging. Another example if societal marketing is the RonaldMcDonald House. This is probably McDonalds largest community service project. It demonstrates the way that McDonalds is willing to give something back to thevery communities that support the company. These examples as well as the variousevents that McDonalds promotes, such as the Olympic Games, puts their nameworldwide. This makes it difficult for us ever to forget of the existence ofMcDonalds. McDonalds also uses a theory referred to as relationship marketing. Relationship marketing is defined as marketing to protect the customer base. Thecustomer is viewed as an asset and the companys marketing goal is to attract,maintain, and enhance customer relationships. .ua36fd7c614831eb95517925bea0efd0c , .ua36fd7c614831eb95517925bea0efd0c .postImageUrl , .ua36fd7c614831eb95517925bea0efd0c .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ua36fd7c614831eb95517925bea0efd0c , .ua36fd7c614831eb95517925bea0efd0c:hover , .ua36fd7c614831eb95517925bea0efd0c:visited , .ua36fd7c614831eb95517925bea0efd0c:active { border:0!important; } .ua36fd7c614831eb95517925bea0efd0c .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ua36fd7c614831eb95517925bea0efd0c { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ua36fd7c614831eb95517925bea0efd0c:active , .ua36fd7c614831eb95517925bea0efd0c:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ua36fd7c614831eb95517925bea0efd0c .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ua36fd7c614831eb95517925bea0efd0c .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ua36fd7c614831eb95517925bea0efd0c .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ua36fd7c614831eb95517925bea0efd0c .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ua36fd7c614831eb95517925bea0efd0c:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ua36fd7c614831eb95517925bea0efd0c .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ua36fd7c614831eb95517925bea0efd0c .ua36fd7c614831eb95517925bea0efd0c-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ua36fd7c614831eb95517925bea0efd0c:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Defending A Man's Honor EssayThere are five main criteria that must be met for a successfulrelationship marketing strategy and they are as follows :1) There needs to be an ongoing and periodic desire for the product orservice by the customer. 2) The service customer controls the selection of the service supplier. 3) There are alternative suppliers of the service. 4) Customer loyalty is weak and switching is common and easy. 5) Word of mouth is an especially potent form of communication aboutthe product. All of these criteria are met by the fast food industry, and McDonalds hasgenerally had a very successful relationship marketing strategy, especiallythrough the implementation of the QSC program. McDonalds has definitely exceeded the definition of success. How manyother businesses can say they have served billions and billions? McDonalds hasdone an incredible job taking an intangible product and virtually dissipatingany perception of risk associated with service products. Whether someone ordersa burger, McNuggets, or a fish fillet, they know that their

Factors to Promote Health Samples for Students -Myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about the different factors of Determinants of Health that has an impact on health and well-being of an Individual. Answer: Introduction: The paper explores different factors of determinants of health that has an impact on health and well-being of an individual. This is done through the case study of Greta Balodis, 75 year old widow with right sided cerebrovascular accident and increased dependence in daily life activities due to fall. The paper highlights the needs for appropriate service for Greta at home by means of assessment regarding her activities of daily living (ADLs). Secondly, the report provides a discussion on the determinants of health factors that has contributed to diagnosis of stroke in patient. Furthermore, the paper also presents the pathophysiology behind the condition and reason for risk of social isolation in the patient. This analysis finally helps to determine the care priorities for Greta in accordance with code of conduct and code of ethics. Nursing assessment: Understanding of ADLS and identified service required Mrs. Greta Balodis is a 75 year old widow who has returned from rehabilitation post a right-sided cerebrovascular accident (VCA). As a nurse visiting Greta for the first time at home, the objective data related to level of ADLs can be collected by means of simple interviewing techniques. By this means, impairment in basis activities of daily living and medication use can be identified. Inquiry about recent case of fall in patient will help to predict level of assistance needed in ADLs. Nurse can also ask Greta whether she needs assistance in feeding, ambulating or toileting. The patient may be inquired about problems or symptoms that interfere with their daily activities. It will also be crucial to collect data related to medication history, surgical history, social history and allergic reactions in patient to assess Gretas ability to manage activities of daily living (Fillenbaum, G.G., 2013). Observation skills would also help to interpret ADL level in Greta. For instance, observation of patients personality and dressing sense would give lot of information about patient ability to personal hygiene and continence management. This strategy would help to categorize ADL performance level into discrete stage of loss. Impairment in personal hygiene is early loss, toileting and locomotion impairment is middle loss and assistance in eating is late stage of loss (Janssen et al. 2014). Nurse can collect the subjective data regarding the level of personal hygiene, continence management, dressing, feeding and ambulating needs by the use of ADL assessment tool. The Katz Index of Independence in Activities of Daily Living is one of the tools that can help a nurse to measure activities of Greta. This tool helps to assess dependence and independence in activities of bathing, dressing, toileting, transferring, continence and feeding. The higher score of 6 will give the indication that Greta has high independence in ADLs, whereas the low score will determine dependency in ADLs. This is a validated tool to assess the level of independence particularly in older patient (Arik et al. 2015). As Greta is a 75 year old patient with right sided cerebrovascular accident, dementia and arthritis and muscoskeletal conditions, she needs assistance in locomotion. Secondly, after she had tripped over a cat, her condition has deteriorated further. This mean she needs high level of support service to help her safely manage basic activities in her home. Rehabilitation service at home will be essential for Greta to reduce her physical disabilities daily activities. The goal of the service would be facilitate daily activities and functional efficiency in patient (Vincent et al. 2007). Home health care service will be particularly important for Greta to improve function, promote greater independence, prevent fall and optimize her well-being. Identified determinants of health The health status of Greta has deteriorated after suffering from stroke and sustaining a fall at home. The diagnosis of stroke in patients might be influenced by the political, social, environmental, gender, genetic and economic determinants of health. The social factor for increasing risk of stroke in Greta is loneliness because she lived alone in her home as her husband had died and her daughter lived away. There was little social support for her due to complex family dynamics. Research also suggests that loneliness is linked to heightened risk of stroke (Nagayoshi et al. 2014). Genetic factor might also be a cause of stroke in Greta if her family has a history of stroke. The psychosocial life of Greta and her advancing age also indicate that she might be affected by financial problem, which might have altered her lifestyle and dietary intake. All this might have exposed Greta to modifiable risk factor for stroke such as poor diet, physical activity and acute emotional triggers in daily life (Vaccarino and Bremner 2017). Hence, overall environment around Greta does not support her in healthy living which has increased her emotional triggers and contributed to stroke. Identified pathophysiology of disease and medication to improve Gretas condition Greta was diagnosed with right cerebral vascular accident and atrial fibrillation for which she had to spent 14 days in acute care hospital. On discharge home from hospital, she was given the following medications: Aspirin PO 100mg daily, Clopidogrel PO 75mg daily,Digoxin 125mcg PO daily. Aspirin is a medication that contains acetylsalicyclic acid that works to prevent thrombus formation in blood by blocking the cyclooxygenase enzyme. This inhibits the synthesis of thromboxane A2 and prevents blood clotting. Hence, this function of the drugs reduces the risk of heart attack and stroke in patients. It has been used for primary and secondary prevention of stroke, angina, atrial fibrillation and coronary syndrome (Halvorsen et al. 2014). For this purpose, the medication was given to Greta. In addition, Clopidogrel 75mg was prescribed to Greta as it is antiplatelet medication that reduces the chance of blood clotting in patients. This significant helps to reduce atherothrombotic events like stroke in patient. This antiplatelet therapy will reduce the occurrence of secondary artherothrombotic events in people who have experienced stroke (Wolff et al. 2014). In addition, Digoxin is given to Greta post discharge because it provided relied from itrregular heartbeats. As Greta suffered from chronic atrial fibrillation, this medication served to address irregular heartbeat and consequently risk for blood clotting. Therefore, the cardiac glycosides medication changes the mineral composition inside heart cell to reduce the strain in heart and promote steady heartbeat (Washam et al. 2015). All these medications aimed to reduce symptoms of stroke and atrial fibrillation in Greta. Cause of risk to social or mental health issues in Greta Greta is at risk of social isolation in her life because of her complex family dynamics. She is a widow and her only daughter Anne cannot provide her much emotional and physical support due to her own family issues. Annes husband is engage in problematic alcohol and drug use due to which Annes and Johns relationship has been scarred. This has an effect of Annes son too as he also displays erratic behavior. Hence, Gretas only source of family support is herself not in a condition to care for her mother. Experience and feelings of social isolation in Greta is an issue considering her advancing age. At this age, she needed full support and emotional attachment from her family. However, in the condition lack of such support she is vulnerable to many risks such as poor health, depression and other mental illness. Ben, Dalgard., and Bjertness, (2012) also provides evidence to the direct relation between psychological distress and emotional support in elderly. Social support act as a mediator between psychological distress and health problems in elderly and lack of this might expose Greta to greater health issues. Hence, in order to increase health and well-being in Greta, adequate community based service should be provided to her reduce stress, enhance her physical health and overcome psychological issues in her life. This will provide her better quality of life as she ages. Legal and ethical responsibilities in care The main responsibilities of health professional towards Greta would be to improve her daily living by means of effective assistive support at home. The key priority would be to provide rehabilitation to reduce her disability, assist her in ADLs, manage her medications and diet requirement and modify environment and provided aids to prevent fall in Greta. As the health care service is meant to be delivered at home, the key code of conducts and code of ethics will be applied to deliver care. The purpose of Australian Home Care is to achieve independence, health and well-being for patient. The ethical and legal responsibility in care according to code of ethics and conduct for residential aged care will include preserving the right of patient to respect, security, cultural identity, and confidentiality. It will be ensured that appropriate standard of care is provided to meet the needs of elderly and support them in their social needs too. These values would help to provide flexible and responsive Aged Care services (Code of ethics and guide to ethical conduct for residential aged care 2017). Conclusion The essay summarized the importance of appropriate social, political, biological and environment factors to promote health and well-being in an individual. The interrelationship between these factors determines the health of an individual as well as the population. This is understood from the case analysis of Greta who suffered from stroke due to poor family dynamics, lack of social support in life, unstable family life and increase in emotional distress. This condition and environment around Greta suggest that she was deprived of basic family and emotional support that she needed at her age. These deficits contributed to her worsening health condition and increase in dependence in basic activities of living Reference Arik, G., Varan, H.D., Yavuz, B.B., Karabulut, E., Kara, O., Kilic, M.K., Kizilarslanoglu, M.C., Sumer, F., Kuyumcu, M.E., Yesil, Y. and Halil, M., 2015. Validation of Katz index of independence in activities of daily living in Turkish older adults.Archives of gerontology and geriatrics,61(3), pp.344-350. Ben, H., Dalgard, O.S. and Bjertness, E., 2012. The importance of social support in the associations between psychological distress and somatic health problems and socio-economic factors among older adults living at home: a cross sectional study.BMC geriatrics,12(1), p.27. Code of ethics and guide to ethical conduct for residential aged care. 2017.swsi.moodle.tafensw.edu.au [online] Available at: https://swsi.moodle.tafensw.edu.au/pluginfile.php/451299/mod_resource/content/3/Ethics%20in%20Aged%20Care%20.pdf [Accessed 12 Jun. 2017]. Fillenbaum, G.G., 2013.Multidimensional functional assessment of older adults: The Duke Older Americans Resources and Services procedures. Psychology Press. Halvorsen, S., Andreotti, F., Jurrin, M., Cattaneo, M., Coccheri, S., Marchioli, R., Morais, J., Verheugt, F.W. and De Caterina, R., 2014. Aspirin therapy in primary cardiovascular disease prevention.Journal of the American College of Cardiology,64(3), pp.319-327. Janssen, H., Ada, L., Bernhardt, J., McElduff, P., Pollack, M., Nilsson, M. and Spratt, N., 2014. Physical, cognitive and social activity levels of stroke patients undergoing rehabilitation within a mixed rehabilitation unit.Clinical Rehabilitation,28(1), pp.91-101. Nagayoshi, M., Everson-Rose, S.A., Iso, H., Mosley, T.H., Rose, K.M. and Lutsey, P.L., 2014. Social Network, Social Support, and Risk of Incident Stroke.Stroke,45(10), pp.2868-2873. Vaccarino, V. and Bremner, J.D., 2017. Behavioral, emotional and neurobiological determinants of coronary heart disease risk in women.Neuroscience Biobehavioral Reviews,74, pp.297-309. Vincent, C., Deaudelin, I., Robichaud, L., Rousseau, J., Viscogliosi, C., Talbot, L.R. and Desrosiers, J., 2007. Rehabilitation needs for older adults with stroke living at home: perceptions of four populations.BMC geriatrics,7(1), p.20. Washam, J.B., Stevens, S.R., Lokhnygina, Y., Halperin, J.L., Breithardt, G., Singer, D.E., Mahaffey, K.W., Hankey, G.J., Berkowitz, S.D., Nessel, C.C. and Fox, K.A., 2015. Digoxin use in patients with atrial fibrillation and adverse cardiovascular outcomes: a retrospective analysis of the Rivaroxaban Once Daily Oral Direct Factor Xa Inhibition Compared with Vitamin K Antagonism for Prevention of Stroke and Embolism Trial in Atrial Fibrillation (ROCKET AF).The Lancet,385(9985), pp.2363-2370. Wolff, S., Gengo, F., Westphal, E.S., Rainka, M. and Bates, V., 2014. Abstract T MP108: A Concentration Response Relationship Between the Active Metabolite of Clopidogrel and its Antiplatelet Activity.

Strategic Management Process

Strategic management is a process that assesses the business areas that an organization operates. The process scrutinizes the organization’s competitors, both current and future, and comes up with its goals and objectives. Strategic management process has several components, including the vision, environmental scanning, strategy formulation, strategy implementation, and strategy evaluation (Moore, 2000).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Strategic Management Process specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The vision formulation directs the company into its mission. A mission statement states how the management plans to offer products and services to its customers. Johnson and Whittington (2008) affirm that environmental scanning entails the process of analyzing the companies’ processes and coming up with detailed information about its strategic needs: It examines both the internal and external issues that co ntrol the organization. Environmental assessment is important because continuous evaluation of the organization’s environment helps the management to identify areas that require improvement. After analysis of the environment, strategy formulation is the next step, which involves making decisions on the best actions to take to achieve the organization’s goals and objectives while considering the political and society factors, opportunities and threats and the potential strengths and weaknesses. The company then formulates its business and corporate strategies (Moore, 2000). Strategy implementation is the next step, and it entails putting the chosen strategy into work. This is where the company’s structure is designed: allocation of human resources and issuing resources in all the sections involved with change. The last component is strategy evaluation, which implies evaluating the performance of the implemented strategies and taking the best action in case it div erts from the set objectives (Moore, 2000). Liebeskind (2002) conforms that strategic management process is important in an organization because it helps in planning the steps and procedures to follow for the processes to work according to the set goals and objectives. Additionally, strategic management helps the company to carry out its procedures using a systematic method in a smooth flow to achieve corporate goals. In this regard, The Ford Company is a typical company that uses the components strategic management process. The company has many plans, which are operational for a given period to check on performance. The management implements the plans if there is improvement in the company’s processes. Thus, Ford assesses each process to make sure that they are working according to the set plans and objectives (Johnson Whittington, 2008).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn Mo re Ford Company has faced big losses, while its competitors like Toyota and Nissan are making a lot of profits. This was due to the fact that Ford’s costs were higher as compared to both Toyota and Nissan. The Ford Company has had a new strategic plan, which involves closing some of its plants and cutting-off some of the workers to maintain its competitive advantage. Ford’s strategic plans entail defining the existing business’s mission and vision. The management has planned on how to produce its products and services for differentiation purposes. Likewise, the company also performs weekly internal and external audits. After evaluation of the current business operations, it formulates new business strategies and mission statements. The missions are then transformed into company’s goals. Plans are then formulated to attain the strategic goals. The ford Company then implements the strategies and evaluates its performance (Johnson Whittington, 2008). Ther efore, strategic management is essential for both small and big companies, especially those whose main aim is to stay at the competitive edge. References Johnson, G. Whittington, R. (2008). Exploring Corporate Strategy. Essex: FT Hall. Liebeskind, J. P. (2002). Knowledge, Strategy, and the Theory Firm. Strategic Management Journal, 17, 93-108. Moore, M. H. (2000). Creating Public Value: Strategic Management in Government. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. This essay on Strategic Management Process was written and submitted by user Misael M. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

German-American essays

German-American essays Individual Germans had been coming to the United States since the 17th century, and continued into the late 19th century at a rate exceeding that of any other country. The first to arrive as a group were religious dissenters who landed at Philadelphia aboard the Concord in 1683. These settlers from Krefeld, Frankfurt and Palatinate, were led by a young lawyer, Franz Daniel Pastorius. With William Penns help, Pastorius established "Germantown", the settlement near Philadelphia. Lately, Germantown became the distributing center through which the stream of German immigration poured into southeastern Pennsylvania, and finally overflowed down the Valley of Virginia into the back country of the colonies farther south(Bittinger, 10). By 1727 there were about 20,000 Germans in Pennsylvania; by the start of the Revolution in 1776, the number jumped to 110,000 to 125,000. They were mostly farmers, simple rural folk, a few were skilled artisans. They became the forerunners of today's "Pennsylv ania GermanDutch" culture, and had almost no subsequent connection with Germany. In this early period, political, social, and economic collapse, crop failures, famine, religious persecution and tyrannical rulers were the main factors in this first wave of German immigration. After the Revolutionary War, the revival of German immigration in the 1830's was due primarily to the economic opportunities which America had to offer to men and women who were eager to get ahead in the world. Cheap land, encouraging transportation companies and land speculators, and family letters from the New World spurred this tide, which "not only filled in the older eastern communities, but flowed westward along the Erie Canal and the Great Lakes into the Middle West"(Lass, 68). Censorship, espionage, and suppression drove German radical liberals out of their world (the universities and the Turner societies) into the New World. Another factor that led to Germa...

New Aircraft Avionics installation and functionality Essay

New Aircraft Avionics installation and functionality - Essay Example It also describes and shows the block diagram, power source wiring, and the electrical cable routing for the three systems. The paper also details the operation and functionality of the remaining two systems in reference to their block diagram, power source wiring, and the electrical cable routing. The report describes the system in depth including the exact functions of the systems, detailing their peripherals and their form of redundancy. The chosen hypothetical avionics systems include communication and navigation system, cabin and cockpit information system, flight instruments (flight recorders), hazard detection system, and surveillance system. Discussion. Communication and Navigation Systems. Receivers and transmitters are widely used in aviation communication and navigation systems. The transmitters and receivers are used together with one ore antennae, which are responsible in implementation of the vital and crucial link between the ground stations, aircrafts, satellites, and other aircrafts. One of the devices used in facilitating navigation and communication is a simple radio communication system. The radio comprises of the receiver and the transmitted that uses the continuous wave signal. Communication is attained through keying or switching the radio frequencies on and off. Switching the radio signal is achieved through interruption of power supple or the oscillator stage, it is usually applicable within the stage of the driver operating at a modest power level. The oscillator stage of keying normally leads to impaired frequency stability. However, the appreciable currents and voltages appearing in the power amplifier stage also prove to be problematic. A simpler CW consists of the radio amplifier, audio amplifier and the detector. The detector stage mixes a domestic generated signal of the radio frequency that is produces by beat frequency oscillator with the coming signals that produces a signal within the radio frequency ranging between 300 Hz an d 3.4 KHz. Antennas are normally used for navigation purposes in aircrafts. There are various practical kinds of antenna used in aviation related applications that include vertical quarter wave antenna, vertical half wave antennas, and also 5/8th wave vertical antennas. Vertical quarter wave antennas produce an omnidirectional radiation pattern in the radiate vertically polarised systems and the horizontal plane. The antennas can be produced for the high HF and VHF bands but the length is prohibitive for usage on the LF bands and low HF (Lombardo, 1993). To produce a flat radiation design it is important to include an effective ground plane. At VHF, it can be attained by employing the 4 quarter wave radial elements. The vertical half wave antennas is voltage fed rather than the current fed. Antennas that are voltage fed requires resonant transformer that is connected between antenna’s end and low impedance coaxial feeder. The arrangement is liable to loses because it needs hi gh quality, and low loss components. It also requires careful adjustment in order to achieve results and therefore they are usually preferred. The5/8th wave vertical antennas offer a compact solution to the essentiality of an Omni-directional VHF. Radio systems: Antennae. Cabin and Cockpit Information Systems In the aviation sector, accessing the correct information in the proper place, at the right period, is important in supporting decisions and enhancing operations. The information system,

Willa Seidon at Tides Center Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Willa Seidon at Tides Center - Essay Example while the recession is highlighted by increased competition, low market share and financial constraints and instability. Even in these circumstances the organization needs to survive through its strategies. Often different strategies are adopted for survival which requires organizational restructuring and change management. A visionary leader, with clarity in ideas about how to proceed and effective change implementation is required at this stage. Leadership: Leadership is a subjective concept. There is no particular definition of leadership; there are as many definitions of leadership as the number of people who tried researching on the vast subject. Leadership is a social process embedded in the minds of leaders of followers. Great leaders help us see the current situation and see a brighter future through the dark times. They see new opportunities and combine every one to work for a common goal, during which they make critical decisions to set a direction to proceed. Some research ers view leadership as power relation by which they can affect and introduce change in people. Some view it as transformational process by which the followers are able to achieve more than what is expected from them. While some scholars view it as skills perspective where they argue certain skills and knowledge are required to be effective leaders. (Northouse, Peter.G. 2009 ; Gallos, Joan.V. 2008; Koestenbaum, Peter. 2002) The arguments about leaders are born or made is a never ending debate. Many researchers say it could be both. A natural ability to lead is important and found in every leader. On the other hand various workshops and courses are conducted on effective leadership programs. Therefore leaders possess natural ability and skill to lead which can be further polished and converted into more effective leadership. (Lussier, Robert. N, Achua, Christopher. F. 2009; Avolio, Bruce J. 2005) Effective leaders motivate and inspire followers; they have the skills to take out the be st from people. Leadership is exercised on group of people and teams, usually with the aim to make them achieve one common goal rather individual goals. Successful leaders need to understand tasks, people and processes in the organization. They must attend the current situation work through them to identify future possibilities, provide a vision and strategies to fulfill that vision and related missions, create a learning organization where people’s development and growth is paramount of importance and direct their minds in strategizing and initiate collaboration among different sections, departments and processes in the organization. The function of management and the function of leadership are often confused together. Management provides order and consistency to the organization and works for order and stability while leadership initiates change and improvement and seeks adaptive and constructive changes. Leadership is all about establishing direction- setting vision, missi on, strategies and goals, aligning people- bring clarity in goals, seek commitment and built team work and last but not the least motivating and inspiring- by empowering and satisfying development needs. (Northouse, Peter.G. 2009 ; Gallos, Joan.V. 2008) Like many great leaders, Willa Seldon is one of the inspiring leaders who helped Tides Centre and guided them through the difficult times. With her vision and ability to manage effective change she led Tides Centre (TC). She was appointed as a Chief Executive Director in September 2003, when Tides applied for the ‘seed grant’ of $ 1 million was offered by Kellog Foundation. During that time TC and the entire fiscal sponsorship sector was struggling for financial

Analysis of Alcan case study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Analysis of Alcan - Case Study Example There was a wide spread of perception that it was hard to implement changes and that communication was poor. The management wanted to impose change in the organization. They thought about three options for change but only implemented two of them. Team working was introduced and later on, there were structural changes. The senior managers and the workers said that team working produced results in terms of staff satisfaction; effectiveness of the work organization and productivity but the middle level and technical staff disagreed with this. They felt that there was a lot of dissatisfaction in team working change can be an expensive and difficult process and fewer problems will be experience in less drastic change program, but even then it is not something to be contemplated without care. Lynemouth production began its production in 1972. Work organization was fairly conventional with each group of workers being responsible to a supervisor who dealt with all day-to-day production matters such as the allocation of tasks, granting of holiday and shifts. Majority of workers were production operatives and craft workers who belonged to trade union. The Management wanted to impose change by insisting on the application of parts of existing agreement rather than involving the unions. The employees reported lack of consultation by management and this contributed to a growing sense of worker dissatisfaction. This in turn adversely affected the quality of production. According to Fredrick Taylor, he thought by scientifically analysing work, the "One Best Way" to do it would be found. He is most remembered for his time and motion study. He would break a job into its component parts and measure each to the second. Taylor believed that contemporary management was amateurish and should be studied as a discipline, that workers should cooperate with management and hence would not need Trade Unions. He believed that the best results would come from the partnership between a trained and qualified management and a cooperative and innovative workforce. Each side needed the other. This approach would have been an awkward one because, the unio n is the workers representative and they should be consulted to contribute ideas toward the change. According to Buchanan and Bobby (1992), he recommends two negotiation clusters. Selling plans and ideas to others; creating a desirable vision of the future and negotiating with key players for resources or changes in procedures, or to resolve conflict. Due to the facts that the employees are the key players, then they should have been consulted through the trade union. According to Elton Mayo, he said that workers are motivated by such things is that individuals have a deep psychological need to believe that their organization cares about them, is open, concerned, and willing to listen. In organisations, which have cultures in which individuals make their own decisions a change agent who attempts to manage process by telling people what to do is likely to encounter resistance. In this type of environment, the change agent perhaps needs to have a more laid back style, paying attention to altering, important symbols such as reward systems, or persuading his

Three Perspective Approach of Societal Changes

Three Perspective Approach of Societal Changes The Three Perspective Approach of Symbolic-Interaction Approach,  Conflict-Approach, Structural-Functionalist Approach ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION Alcohol Consumption in the society has always been an attractive part in festivities. Nevertheless, in some culture this is consider to be a symbol that profess happiness. Symbolic interaction explain that an individual’s create the symbols that make life meaningful. Symbolic interactionism explains alcohol consumption today is a huge problem society. According to (Harrison, 2010) it can be usually applied to deviant behavior, and violence. All throughout society symbols are used for all aspects of everyday life, and in the Catholic Church it is use to signify the blood of Christ. Whether this tradition culture is wrong, individuals accept practices in their own perception. However, this symbolic ideas to everyone can be viewed as more positive than opposed, it occur more often. Unfortunately this is something shown in today’s society as a spontaneous thing that leads to different interpretation and influence by other group of culture. However, in the Conflict theory alcohol consumption build up conflict as it become a dependence, and motivated to have no limit drinking. In addition, affect the cognitive processes, and drinking behavior. Other conflict are reflected in relationship, and family member; that leads to separation, domestic violence, rape, and others. In the structural- functionalist can be interpreted in different way such as Manifest Function, and latent function, and dysfunction. In Manifest function it is a part of social gathering, that families come together to unite. These event are custom that have been practice, and exist in the society for Christmas, thanks giving, Easter, and reflect a culture in the church. MONOGAMOUS RELATIONSHIPS Monogamy is referred to two individuals are sexually active only with each other, usually in a committed relationship that may or may not be marital. However, in some culture this is consider to not acceptable such as Islamic cultures, polygamy, or the taking of more than one spouse, is acceptable. In addition the Jehovah, and other protestant church or religion group consider that marriage is between a man and a woman within the bounds of marriage, and those sexual infidelity are described as sin, and corrupts a union. Nevertheless, the symbolic interaction to Monogamous relationship is that one shows affection to the other. Through gift, love, caring, giving flowers and spending time together. All this endorsement are symbolic interaction in finding ways to communicate affection. However, will so much good intention some conflict approach arrives to disperse such happiness. The most common conflict is lacking trust, and having jealousy. In addition it may lead to a divorce of the couple, and a delicate fight between both parents for the children custody. The women are victim of domestic violence, and men are mostly in to infidelity. In addition the function approach suggest that relationship meaning of commitment. According to (Kohol, 1983) the function is to prevent vicious sexual relationship, bearing children, establishing relationship of intimacy and devotion and sharing mutual goals. However, in the Manifest it is consider to be in a relationship with a long term lover, or partner that sharing similarity. Nevertheless, latent is rather the husband being involve in vague relationship outside the house hold, and can be entitle to be infection by sexual disease. This not only harm the husband but the whole relationship and the wife. Therefore casing a dysfunction in the relationship such as broken trust, dishonesty, and no confidence. TEENAGE DATING Teenage Dating is the most popular culture that exist in the world of teen. Some culture insist that this practice help in finding or determining the partner or love one would share mutual happiness for eternity. This can be consider another way of other to be to know the person before physically involve or married to. This a symbolic action has determined people to find the right person to establish a relationship. In addition, the lets person know all the strength and weakness of the other. In some cases conflict approach most time being when the teenager become pregnant at an early age, and struggle the rest of her life with the loss of education. Some teenager also part take in abortion to avoid being young parent. Parent that are not supportive enough, and young parent that have no idea what it implies to be a mother. However, in the function approach it seem that teenage dating happen at a certain age. This vary in some culture like at age sixteen, or older. However, the manifest seem to view the society as individual cooping to survive with a partner, because human are commonly bond to another individual. However in the latent view a good relationship should be establish with one individual to have good parenting skill, and guide the children growing up to not make the same mistake. Mayan Rights and communal land ownership Everyone has the right to own land and other goods, and Maya been a dominant culture should as well imply the Mayan rights and communal land ownership. The individual are known for their Maya Ruin, and farm lands; culture and population. Nevertheless, their individual with all the mutual right as the other cultures existing today. There the one who had inhabit the land and that Mayan should have possession on their lands and communal land ownership for their community and all right to claim any injustice done to them. In addition the symbolic approach to this is that of most significant part of them is their temple that symbolizes power and history. Their land mean a home, and agriculture. The most conflict approach implies that the government something don’t recognize that this is a vivid culture that need to be protected. The diversity culture create new mixture whereby a new culture is born. However in the manifest function the tradition is not carried on and some custom are not practice. Latent Function the government don’t provide funds to excavate the remaining ruin, and other Maya right terminated. In addition in the dysfunction someplace show neglect in Maya right and ownership. Even show racism toward the people in their tradition, and clothing, and integration in the society. Women in politics in Belize Belize has never been the strongest, but since the integration of women in to politics allows equality between man power. However, in the symbolic Interaction the women are seen as mothers, and house holder workers. In entering into politics it provide an opportunity for women to voice their opinions. In the end both man and woman have always had equal rights. Nevertheless, the conflict approach in society woman are not seen as leaders, but as followers. Woman are seen as inferior in some culture such as in India, Islamic, and other cultural group. However the lack of speaking out and be out spoken has been taught sometimes by parent that are raised in that manner. In structural- functionalist approach manifest function- the woman are more entitle to work and be productive member in the society. The woman are the guide for the future to create a strong potential child that seek right and justice. However in the latent function the mother are educated caring and business person. The women are independent, hardworking, and successful. The women reflect a positive and secure home environment for the kids to live at home.

Ineffective N.A.A.C.P. in James Baldwins Down at the Cross Essay

The Effect of the N.A.A.C.P. There are many different opinions of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (N.A.A.C.P.), the premier organization for African-American rights around the world. Some believe that the organization has made great strides towards equality and fairness across the country, and that segregation could still be a prominent fixture today if not for the N.A.A.C.P. Others scrutinize the efforts of the N.A.A.C.P., and claim that it is nothing more than a figurehead organization that doesn’t actually advance the African-American people. This seems to be the sentiment shared in the essay, â€Å"Down at the Cross,† by James Baldwin. Although mentioned only briefly in the essay, Baldwin conveys a sense of discouragement towards the N.A.A.C.P., and that there work doesn’t do much good because of their lethargy in the courtroom. (Baldwin, 320) Baldwin asserts that by the time the court decision has been made, the impact of the decision is a lmost nonexistent, and fails to carry a collective punch. For these reasons, Baldwin believes that the N.A.A.C.P. will never accomplish meaningful, and that they will continue to simply go through the motions, in an almost lifeless manner. The history of the N.A.A.C.P. dates back to the early 20th century. The organization was founded in 1909 by Mary White Ovington. Ovington had read an article from the New York Post entitled â€Å"Race War in the North,† written by William English Walling. Ovington became inspired to learn more about the African-American situation, and set up a meeting with Walling in New York. On February 12th, 1909, approximately 20 or so members met and formed the National Association for the Advancement of Co... ...essay, Baldwin may have proven to have predicted the fate of the N.A.A.C.P., even if its accomplishments did surpass his own expectations. Works Cited Baldwin, James. â€Å"Down at the Cross.† 1962. James Baldwin: Collected Essays. Ed. Toni Morrison. New York: Library of America, 1998. 296-347. Kellogg, Charles Flint. NAACP: A History of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins Press, 1967. Connerly, Ward. â€Å"The NAACP’s Decline and Fall.† The Wall Street Journal 16 July 2002: A16. â€Å"National Association for the Advancement of Colored People.† Spartacus Educational. â€Å"NAACP Timeline.† National Association for the Advancement of Colored People.

Issues in Fit Food Inc Essay

Significant part of the behavioural displacement can be related to results control system that is in place. FFI is evaluating the divisional personals’ performance based on their achievement of Annual Operating plans; some of those are like †¢Achieving 7% divisional growth rates †¢Bonuses based on achievement (upto 150%)of annual operating plans and no bonuses on failure †¢Stock options offered to corporate managers and divisional presidents †¢Sean’s (founder & chairperson) call for better financial performance during those peak recessionary period(2008-2009) These quantitative results controls can be related to those behavioural displacements. As a result presidents of Drink division and Cookie division have involved in those unacceptable fraudulent practices of aggressive revenue recognition, prepaying expenses and capitalising parts costs. Since the CFO has the information about those fraudulent practices he should initiate the process of restating those prior year financial statements accordingly and those restatements require public disclosures. It is a serious issue for a listed company. Worse impacts would include lost of investor confidence, as a result share value deteriorates. Suggestions : controls Results Control 1.Instead of determining a target based on investor’s expectations, during the recession time company should have adjusted its targets according the economic condition. May be keeping the same market share or little above that could be a better option. It might create BUDGET SLACK. However that slack can reduce the tension, and stress for those managers and build an environment to change from there. Since 2008 was the peak recession time the AOP ‘s growth rate has to be altered and it can be changed into sustainability 2.Controls should balanced with those quantitative and qualitative results oriented controls. In this case most of controls such as achieving 5%  divisional growth and bonuses of 150% when divisions exceed the AOP has lead many issues . gamesmanship , manipulated financial statements, and unethical behaviour of divisional managers are some to be named; therefore FFI should introduce various control methods which include the measurement of their performances and ethical behaviour. Such control methods would include rather than just checking increase in sales, it should increase in actual sales. Solid sales, numbers have to be real and should not be manipulated towards the end of the period. An increase in market share, customer retention 1.Results controls should be tight results control Personal control : 1.Replacement of managers Removal / replacement of those managers in cookie division and drink division including the presidents of both divisions are the first step to re build the confident in the company. Even the chair Sean needs to be replaced; however it is question since he is the founder he may have the controlling rights over the company. 2.Replacing external auditors. Because they are the ones first to know about those accounting frauds in the organisation. However they have failed. They have not had a good audit plan and scope. This could have happened due to the following reason too. since the FFI is a public company and it needs a clean opinion to keep its position in the listing. Therefore auditor might have asked to provide such an opinion based on promises such as FFI is going to implement a tighter internal control policies so it prevents most of the fraud. Further auditor has already been intimidated about cancellation of the contract based on the price it charged. Therefore auditor may not be performing well planned audit instead providing a lower service which is not good for all those three parties (auditor, users and audtiee) Action Control : 1.Behavioral Constraints Separation of duties : since FFI is one company several division it can have one administrative division. Since all the changes have to be done by those  people who different from those divisional staff, divisional heads’ data management actions would not remain secret as earlier Second thing one storage facility for all division. Have the same effect. That data management can be controlled The direct costs of this may include delay in processes and a system should be created for fast communication 2.Pre action reviews Though there are several discussions and reviews held regarding the approval of AOP, the quarterly performance review meetings are seems to be very brief. Regardless of whether the target has been achieved or not every item has to analysed thoroughly and plans for rest of the period should be altered accordingly to achieve a real performance 3.Action accountability Unlike the current system divisional managers bonuses should not be purely based on achieving AOP profit. It has to include the strategies used in achieving profit, closing stock, new product developments, and effective sales Conclusion : However costs associated with each option has to be analysed before the decision. Since all the divisions are managed by humans. Certain level goal incongruence is present in any divisionalised organisation. It is impossible to eliminate it totally. Though a very minimal level of date manipulation and game playing activities are possible since those number in the financial statements are not perfect in real world

The Need for Wireless Standards and Protocols essayEssay Writing Service

The Need for Wireless Standards and Protocols essayEssay Writing Service The Need for Wireless Standards and Protocols essay The Need for Wireless Standards and Protocols essayToday, the development of technologies contributes to the wider emergence of wireless networks that open new opportunities for communication and data sharing. However, the rise of the popularity of wireless networks raises the problem of the introduction of reliable and safe wireless standards and protocols. At the moment, wireless standards and protocols remain, to a certain extent, under-regulated and under-developed. As a result, the risk of information breaches persists along with the risk of misusing wireless networks for the access to the private information and other cyber crimes. In such a situation, wireless standards and protocols need consistent enhancements not only at the domestic level but also internationally and such organizations as the Federal Communications Commission or the International Organization of Standardization should regulate the development of wireless networks and technology through setting effective wi reless standards and protocols.The Federal Communications Commission is the US federal government body that regulates the communication market, including the wireless market in particular. In fact, the Federal Communications Commission does not limit its functions by the control over businesses but also it expands its control on private means of communications introducing standards and regulations that determine the development of the communications industry in the US. In this regard, the Federal Communications Commission has the authority to regulate wireless technology and networks in the US. The regulation occurs through the establishments of norms and standards which all users in the US have to respect. Otherwise, the Commission will use its authority to impose sanctions and launch the legal prosecution on businesses and individuals that violate established norms and standards.The ISO is the international organization that establishes standards in different fields, including the wireless technology and networks. At this point, it is worth mentioning the ISO 21216-2012 standard, as one of the main standards dedicated to the regulation of the wireless technology and wireless networks (Behzad, 2013). The ISO focuses on the establishment of standards at the international level and maintains the control over the observation of those standards, while the violation of those standards can raise substantial problems in the international trade for violators of standards established by the ISO.The breadth of the standards regulations depends on the scope of operations of each regulatory organization. In this regard, the Federal Communication Commission focuses on the regulation of wireless standards throughout the US. As for the ISO, this is the international organization that focuses on regulation and development of international wireless standards that are applicable globally.At the same time both the Federal Communication Commission and ISO regulations and standar ds need enhancements and advancements. The Federal Communications Commission and ISO face, to a significant extent, similar problems since their regulations are, in a way, outdated because the wireless technology progresses faster than the standards are introduced by both organizations (Tanenbaum, 2013). In addition, ISO faces the problem of the introduction of such standards that would be applicable internationally that means that the ISO has to take into consideration national differences and establish standards that can be adapted in different countries.At the moment, the ISO 21216-2012 standard is one of the key standards used for wireless networks. ISO 21216-2012 standard covers the open systems interconnection layer 1 physical layer air interface for communications medium operating in the 60 GHz millimetric frequency range by providing the parameters for medium range, medium to high speed wireless communications in the ITS sector. This standard specifies the parameters require d to interface the Layer 1 of such a system to the communications access for land mobiles architecture.Along with formal regulations and standards, there are information ones, which do not have the solid legal basis but still do exist de-facto. At this point, it is possible to refer to the standard known as 802.11b. 802.11b has been the de facto  wireless networking standard of the last few years, and for good reason. It offers excellent range and respectable throughput. (While the radio can send frames at up to 11 Mbps, protocol overhead puts the data rate at 5 to 6 Mbps, which is about on par with 10baseT Ethernet.) It operates using DSSS at 2.4 GHz, and automatically selects the best data rate (either 1, 2, 5.5, or 11 Mbps), depending on available signal strength (Tanenbaum, 2013). Its greatest advantage at this point is its ubiquity: millions of 802. 11b devices have shipped, and the cost of client and access point gear is not only phenomenally low, but also ships embedded in many laptop and handheld devices. It can move data at rates much faster than the average Internet connection (Tanenbaum, 2013).Thus, the development of the wireless technology and growing popularity of wireless networks confront the problem of the poor or insufficient regulations and standardization (Viadrot, 2001). As a result, companies and individuals using the wireless technology face different risks, such as information breaches. Regulatory organizations that set standards, such as the Federal Communications Commission and ISO should unite their efforts to create a solid and effective system of standards to regulate the wireless technology and networks market.

Free Essays on Ireland

Ireland, island, of the British Isles, the westernmost and second-largest of the group, in the North Atlantic Ocean, and separated from Great Britain by St George's Channel on the south-east, the Irish Sea on the east, and the North Channel on the north-east. Politically, the island is divided into Northern Ireland, a constituent part of the United Kingdom, and the Republic of Ireland. The island is divided into four historical provinces- Connaught (Connacht), Leinster, Munster, and Ulster- and administrative units called counties. The Republic of Ireland consists of Connaught, Leinster, and Munster provinces, totalling 23 counties and, in the north, 3 counties of Ulster Province. Northern Ireland consists of 6 counties divided into 26 districts, the remainder of Ulster Province. The area of the island is 82,378 sq km (32,342 sq mi) of which the Republic of Ireland is 68,895 sq km (27,136 sq mi) in extent, and Northern Ireland 13,483 sq km (5,206 sq mi). The population of the is! land (1991) is 5,103,555, of which that of the Republic of Ireland is 3,525,719, and that of Northern Ireland is 1,577,836. North to south, the maximum length of Ireland is 486 km (302 mi); its extreme width is 280 km (174 mi). Malin Head, at latitude 55Â °27' north, and Mizen Head, at latitude 51Â °27' north, are, respectively, the northernmost and southernmost points on the island; easternmost and westernmost points are demarcated by longitude 5Â °25' west and longitude 10Â °30' west. he history of Ireland after the union was principally concerned with the struggle for Irish civic and religious freedom and for separation from Great Britain. Hardly had the union been established when dissatisfaction in Ireland gave rise to the armed outbreak of July 23, 1803, under the Irish patriot Robert Emmet. The uprising was easily suppressed, and for some time no further armed revolts occurred. In 1823 the Catholic Association was founded, which demanded, and finally o... Free Essays on Ireland Free Essays on Ireland Ireland, island, of the British Isles, the westernmost and second-largest of the group, in the North Atlantic Ocean, and separated from Great Britain by St George's Channel on the south-east, the Irish Sea on the east, and the North Channel on the north-east. Politically, the island is divided into Northern Ireland, a constituent part of the United Kingdom, and the Republic of Ireland. The island is divided into four historical provinces- Connaught (Connacht), Leinster, Munster, and Ulster- and administrative units called counties. The Republic of Ireland consists of Connaught, Leinster, and Munster provinces, totalling 23 counties and, in the north, 3 counties of Ulster Province. Northern Ireland consists of 6 counties divided into 26 districts, the remainder of Ulster Province. The area of the island is 82,378 sq km (32,342 sq mi) of which the Republic of Ireland is 68,895 sq km (27,136 sq mi) in extent, and Northern Ireland 13,483 sq km (5,206 sq mi). The population of the is! land (1991) is 5,103,555, of which that of the Republic of Ireland is 3,525,719, and that of Northern Ireland is 1,577,836. North to south, the maximum length of Ireland is 486 km (302 mi); its extreme width is 280 km (174 mi). Malin Head, at latitude 55Â °27' north, and Mizen Head, at latitude 51Â °27' north, are, respectively, the northernmost and southernmost points on the island; easternmost and westernmost points are demarcated by longitude 5Â °25' west and longitude 10Â °30' west. he history of Ireland after the union was principally concerned with the struggle for Irish civic and religious freedom and for separation from Great Britain. Hardly had the union been established when dissatisfaction in Ireland gave rise to the armed outbreak of July 23, 1803, under the Irish patriot Robert Emmet. The uprising was easily suppressed, and for some time no further armed revolts occurred. In 1823 the Catholic Association was founded, which demanded, and finally o...

Religion in the Medieval Europe Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Religion in the Medieval Europe - Essay Example These were practiced in various ways including, divination that comprised of astrology, palm reading, interpretation of dream and reading of omens. Medical magic was also part of magical practice. It involved the use of charms, medical astrology, prayers and use of medical herbs. Other forms of practicing magic included the use of protective amulets alchemy and sorcery, which was the use of magic with an intention to harm. However, it faced opposition from the Christian religion, which viewed the use of magic as idolatry. Magic can be viewed as a religion from Etic and Emic perspectives. The initial refers to its perception from outside tradition while the latter refers to perception from within the religion. Christians, on the other hand, defined magic from what it is not. The definition was magic is neither a religion nor a science. Various groups blamed each other of practicing magic due to their varied beliefs. The church distinguished magic as not being a religion by believing t hat the church was a true religion while magic was demonic. Religion was associated with god while magic was associated with demons besides; magic was viewed to be a manipulation while prayer was viewed to be supplication (Hamilton 39). The theory of magic has an evolutionary model, which described the process to begin from magic to religion, then Christian religion that was to be taken over by science. This, however, was criticised by scholars who claimed that it was outdated, unsubstantial, unscholarly and bias. Magic was practiced in the pre modern Europe across the demographic boundaries as pagans adapted to Christianity, which accommodated them. This was due to the influence of the Arabs and scientific inventions. However, the Christians viewed magic as a cult. Magic became increasingly identifiable as definite phenomena in the medieval Europe. Until the conversion period of 300CE to 1100CE, this had acculturation characteristics including paganism coming to terms with Christia nity, beliefs adapting to new religious views. In addition, at this point, the rulers of pagan societies got themselves aligned with the church (Louise, Edward & Raudvere 10). The Christians dominated the region and introduced its own view on culture to the local community. Tension arose between the locals who were pagans and the Christians who were the intruders. The church distinguished between magic and miracles. They viewed magic as an illusion that was created by demons while miracle was real actual and non-illusory. This was more evident on the Christian writings which included book IV of Isidore of Seville’s etymology, which is against divination and demonic behaviour and practices. Belief was one important thing at this time of conversion. The church believed that magic was conducted by demons and highly condemned it. It was believed by the pagans that there were women who were capable of cutting fingerprints of the foot and performs rituals with them. In addition, so me women were dedicated to killing people through devil powers. Bishop Buchan of worms (950-1025) discouraged this. St. Benedict’s and St. Gregory the great (540-604) gave a description of how St. Benedict saw through an illusion a fire that consumed the monks which he perceived that was caused by a heath idol buried under the building. Strigae was a roman term used by pagans to refer to vampire creatures and witches. The penal code in medieval condemned the belief in the Striga who were claimed to steal children. The belief that a certain woman had experienced a nocturnal flight with the pagan gods Diana who was recognised as a Striga was

Characteristics of japanese schooling Research Paper

Characteristics of japanese schooling - Research Paper Example This essay stresses that there is a large number of people who want the system to be more flexible to the students because the current level of strictness has caused many to send their children to schools in addition the regular public schools children attend during the daytime. Japan conventionally follows a strict layout of curriculum and coursework for education at all levels and room for modification in curriculum or the educational trends in Japan is little, despite the fact that it contrasts with the diverse level of competency among the Japanese students. This paper makes a conclusion that increasing general reliance of people on part-time educational institutions like jukus and yobikos has paved way for many businessmen to adopt this as their profession since the practice guarantees huge monetary benefits. However, an in-depth analysis of the routine of students that go to these institutions suggests that these students spend a major portion of their day in schools. This is adversely affecting their social life as they do not get enough time to socialize with their friends and family. This may result in the production of a silo-minded generation in which the individuals lack bondage. In addition to that, people’s trust in jukus and yobikos more than on public schools speaks bad of the role of formal educational institutions in the overall academic nurturing of students in Japan.

Health Promotion and Evidence Based Practice Assignment

Health Promotion and Evidence Based Practice - Assignment Example Alcohol and drug abuse are among the foremost causes of disability and demise in North Carolina. Alcohol and substance abuse dependence are both problems in themselves and contributors to other health problems. For example, people under the influence of substance abuse are at a risk of premature deaths. Other health problems associated with substance abuse include depressions, mental health disorders, interpersonal relation, poor school or workplace functioning and low overall sense of wellbeing. However, these health hazards are preventable risk factors (Andrews & National Research Council, 1991). For the prevention of drug substance abuse and the improvement of mental health, there are evidenced priority recommendations. According to the North Carolina prevention plan, priority number one is the development and implementation of a comprehensive plan for substance abuse. To be included in the plan are recommendations to beer and wine taxation. With expensive beer and wine, it will n ot be easily affordable to the addicted individuals (Hastings et al, 2010). Together with increasing tax rates on beer and wines, substance abuse prevention also requires community outreach. Therefore, a comprehensive community based programs for prevention of substance use and abuse is a sizeable community outreach strategy. The implementation of this community based prevention plan should include a team that provides emotional care and nutritional health to the victims and subjects of the program (Hastings et al, 2010). The article â€Å"prevention issues brief final in 2010† clearly outlines the prevention strategies and its elements. The evidence based prevention strategies shows a degree of effectiveness in decreasing the rate of substance use and abuse. Nevertheless, they also have several positive impacts like self -identification, improved sense of self -wellbeing, reduced levels of depreciation and improved health conditions. For all the evidence based prevention str ategies on substance use and abuse, youths should be the main target since their developing brain is susceptible damage by alcohol and others substances (Hastings et al, 2010). The strategies or action steps that form the evidence-based prevention of substance use and abuse and for improvement of mental health include the following. The activity begins from the individuals. Guidance and counseling provision to individuals to be substance use abuse free and in case of any mental disorder seek professional help. Again, from the individuals, home prevention is a strong evidence strategy. Parents should take the initiative to talk to their children about substance abuse dangers. (Hastings et al, 2010). To the victims of substance abuse clinical preventive measures like screening, brief intervention and treatment in case of any health problem is fundamental. Keeping the public up-to-date on these evidence-based clinical preventive measures will ensure that people are aware of where to go to find help (North Carolina Institute of Medicine & North Carolina, 2009). In worksites and offices, wellness programs for substance abuse will keep these people informed. In addition to the other programs, offering insurance programs to the community on incidences of substance abu

Factors Affect Supply and Demand of Acuvue Essay Example for Free

Factors Affect Supply and Demand of Acuvue Essay This report’s focus is on analyzing the factors that affect the supply and demand of the products. There are several variables that can affect the supply and demand of a product, including consumers’ income, prices of substitute products, costs of inputs and so on. The product discussed for this report is Acuvue, I will analysis how the factors affect the supply and demand of Acuvue. Acuvue is Johnson Johnson’s Vision Care Product. It is one of the most popular eye contact lenses products for nearsighted correction and eye color alteration. Acuvue has a serial of products that depend on different replacement schedule, such as daily disposable, two weeks disposable, colors and so on. All ranges of the lenses of Johnson Johnson’s are regarded as comfortable, convenient and good eye health product. (Johnson Johnson, 2008 )1 In 2007, as a leader and pioneer of eye contact lens producer, there was a sales increase by 17. 6% prior to 2006. The annual expense for normal glasses is $200 dollars but the Acuvue daily disposable is about $480. Take China for example, the GDP of 2007 increased 11. 4% (Wiki, 2008)1, people earned more than before. When people’s income increased, those who could not afford to buy the Acuvue in the past can had enough money to afford it. Moreover, as income increased, people tend to replace their contact lenses much more frequently than before, and the demand of Acuvue increased accordingly. Also, nearsighted people may have much higher requirement for their life quality; so, for those who are tired of wearing glasses or who seek convenience by wearing eye contacts may try to change to use eye contact lenses, therefore, demand for the eye contact lenses will increase. Consumer Preferences Consumer preference is a significant factor which affects the demand of the Acuvue. People have different preference for lenses for nearsightedness correction, such as replacement schedule, material (hard/ soft), and safety. Some people prefer Acuvue Daily for its convenience, and it has no daily maintenance like other types of contact; the user can just throw it away after one day. (Bausch Lomb, 2008) For some people, they prefer soft contact lenses to hard lenses. In addition, many people care about the safety of eye contact lenses, and daily contact lenses are regarded as the safest and healthiest way, so those people may choose the Acuvue Daily, and thus, the demand of the Acuvue increases. On the contrary, people who are afraid of getting keratitis (wiki, 2008)2 by wearing contacts will buy the glass, and then the demand of the Acuvue will decrease. Moreover, if the nearsightedness’ preference is more favorable to Acuvue, which probably means they have more loyalty to the products, so the existing consumers will seldom change to alternatives and more and more people will buy Acuvue. Price of Substitutes The Substitutes of Acuvue eye contact lenses are glasses and surgery. As compared before, wearing glasses is a more economical way to correct nearsightedness, and there will be lower risk of being involved in keratitis(wiki,2008)2 or other eye problems. Moreover, in the recent years, correcting nearsightedness by taking an eye operation became more popular in many countries. The costs for the surgery are high, and the average for getting the LASIK nearsightedness correction surgery is $2105 in 2008. (All about Vision, 2008) If the price of the surgery decreases, there will be more people choosing eye surgery instead of wearing inconvenient glasses or eye contact lenses; so, there will be less demand of Acuvue. Price of Complementary Goods If the complementary goods of Acuvue increase, the price of the Acuvue will increase accordingly. Complementary goods for Acuvue are the solution of the eye contact lenses or drops for eyes. For the past two years, with the rapid economic growth in China, people have more money to purchase eye contact lens, but if the average prices of the solutions increased dramatically, people who could afford to buy the lenses felt burdened to buy the solution. Advertising Promotion Advertising is a way of communication, Johnson Johnson get more advertising is to try to persuade potential customers and consumer to purchase more Acuvue(wiki, 2008)3. Johnson Johnson has released a series of advisements and promotions for Acuvue. They provide free trial pairs of eye contact lens for the potential consumers who can just fill a Free Trial Pair Certificate (Vision Care Inc. , 2008) from the Acuvue official website. In addition, when the â€Å"Acuvue 2 colours† entered the mainland China market, they chose an unknown model to perform the advertisement first, and the sales for the Acuvue 2 was unfavourable. However, then the Johnson Johnson invite Chinese pop singer Angela Zhang for promotion on TV, then, this product became familiar with lots of youth in China, and more and more people known about the Acuvue and bought it. Consumer Expectations Johnson Johnson is a well known and trusted company by millions of consumers all around the world. It pays much attention to the safety of their products. So consumers are confident with the Acuvue and more and more people buy it. When the AMO Complete Moisture Plus Muti-Purpose Solution (Anapol Schwartz, 2008) was recalled in May, 2007, people were concerned about the eye safety. From that time, people tented to buy less and use less eye contact lens in order to avoid infection. Number of Buyers If there are more and more potential consumers of Acuvue, demand for Acuvue will increase. For recent years, more and more people in the world have access the computer, and they use computers much more frequently and longer than the past. People are more prone to get nearsightedness. From Johnson Johnson’s research, there are about 3 million new eye contact wearers in the US every year (Vision Care Inc. )2, so the number of potential buyers is increasing for consuming eye contact lenses year by year. In addition, with the development of technology, the material of contact lenses is getting better and safer, so more people will be confident with the eye-contact lenses so more potential buyers will buy the Acuvue, then the demand for buyers will increase. But if there is new technology that can take place of eye contacts lenses, the nearsighted may give up wearing contacts, so the number of potential buyers decrease which indicates the demand of Acuvue will decrease. Variables of Supply Costs of Inputs The world economy was very unstable since last year, and the price of raw materials kept on rising. Fortunately, there is no news about the raw material price fluctuation for eye contact lenses. If the price of storing contact lenses increases, the Acuvue’s producer Johnson Johnson must find ways to control the production costs. The company may choose to reduce the production volume of the product and wait for producing that good when the price goes down, therefore the supply of Acuvue will decrease. However when the materials for making the eye contact lenses decreases, Johnson Johnson will have more capacity to produce more eye contact lenses to increase its supply. Number of competitors The more competitors there are, the less the supply. Due to the property of the vision care industry, the requirement for entering this business field is fairly high. For the current market, there are four main producers and other several smaller producers which produce eye contact lenses. Johnson Johnson is the largest eye contact lens producer in the world, making sales of $2. billion around the world (Johnson Johnson, 2008) 3. In China, eye contact lens manufactures are increasing in the market, competition became fierce, raw material for making the contact lenses increased, and the market share became dilute, so although sales of Acuvue increase in China very year, the growth is not as large as expected. New Technology As we know Johnson Johnson Vision Care first introduced the soft dis posable eye contact lens for the world (Wiki, 2008), and this revolutionary product helped the Johnson Johnson opened a new product field and access to expand their market to over 50 countries in the world. If there is new cheaper material for producing Acuvue, Johnson and Johnson will be capable of producing more Acuvue by the same investment as in the past, which means the supply of the Acuvue will increase. However, in the future, with the development in technology, some existing materials for making eye contact lensse may have potential risks for our eyes. When the Johnson Johnson found that potential risks really do exist, in order to guarantee the product safety, they had to pay more for preventing the risks harmful to contacts wearer, or even reduce the supply of those products. Suppliers Expect that Future Sales Prices In recently years, there is a trend that more and more reports show that wearing daily disposable eye contact lens is much more comfortable, healthier and safer, because daily replacement lenses are healthier than other replacement schedule. With the expectation, the market for the Acuvue Daily disposable has much more potential than other Acuvue disposable lenses, and Johnson Johnson will decide to produce more Acuvue Daily in according with the potential increase of the demand for Acuvue. Conclusion To sum up, those variables discussed above with the supply and demand of Acuvue finally affect the price of the Acuvue. As we know, the market price is the equivalent of the supply and demand. It is determined by an â€Å"invisible hand’ of both supply and demand. Therefore, it is impossible for those factors discussed before to singly handedly affect the supply and demand, because the market is complex, all those variables together contributed to our market price.

Hippocratic Medicine :: essays research papers fc

Introduction Hippocratic medicine remains one of Ancient Greece's lasting contributions to the field of science. Lacking the equipment physicians today take for granted when diagnosing and healing their patients, Hippocratic physicians were forced to create a novel system for explaining and curing disease based upon the prevalent scientific theories of their era. This system became known as the humoral theory of disease. Humoral theory incorporated the theories of Presocratic philosophers in order to explain disease and offer help for a cure. Two themes characterizing Presocratic philosophical thought dramatically influenced humoral theory. The humoral theory approach of Hippocratic medicine was based upon Presocratic philosophical musings about the relationship of man to the world. By the time humoral theory was vogue, philosophers had concluded that both man and the world were governed by the same natural laws. Humoral theory also was based upon Presocratic theories about change and how it occu rred in the world; humoral theory depended upon the assertion that contrasting elements constantly contradicted each other, leading to continuous change on one level and stability on another. These two Presocratic theories shaped humoral theory and allowed the physician to develop a rational and empirically based approach to medicine. Hippocrates - Separating the Man from the Myth Before we can trace the development of these theories by the Presocratics we must first consider Hippocratic medicine and humoral theory. Most of what is known about the historical figure Hippocrates, the supposed founder of the Hippocratic medical approach, must be evaluated with caution. Hippocrates lived c. 460-370 BC, but further reliable information about his life is difficult to obtain.(1) Two passages from Plato are seen as legitimate sources of information about Hippocrates' life. Plato lived from 427-348 BC, making him a contemporary of Hippocrates. A passage from Plato's work Protagoras suggests that Hippocrates was a physician, associated with the island of Cos, who taught medicine to students for a fee. Another passage from a work of Plato, the Phaedras, alludes to a "method" by which Hippocrates gained an understanding of medicine. These sources provide some means by which to evaluate the impact of Hippocrates upon ancient medical practice. The Corpus Hippocraticum Many other texts attributed to Hippocrates shed light upon the Hippocratic method of medicine. None of these texts may be identified as Hippocrates' own work, however. These works are called the Corpus Hippocraticum and number upwards of sixty.(2) Scholars have suggested that the texts may have been part of a library collection, originally from Cos, that was subsequently moved to Alexandria and then added upon, building the collection of medical texts we have today.

child development :: essays research papers

Video Reflection Play v Importance v Indoors Play v Levels of Play v Social Skills v Intellectual Play q Importance: Growing up my mother encouraged her four children to play hard. We were allowed the space to work off or steam by playing dirty in the mud. Or being allowed to jump into a pile of leaves. Her basic motivates and comments to us were always; that the clothing could be washed, we could take a bath but enjoy be a child. In the video â€Å"Play†, it is discussed as a way for children to be allowed to let go of their emotions. In chapter 15, Enhancing Creativity, Play is described a crucial stage in the development of the child. It allows the child to develop their sensor motor skills. q Indoor Play When a child plays indoor, they are in the process of developing a greater since of their physical skills. They can learn hand eye coordination; also, problems solving skills will be enhanced. In chapter 15, Enhancing Creativity, it is important for the children have the ability and space to gain a deeper understand of who they are how they can function indoors. q Levels of Play To watch a child play is to watch a world being created before your eyes. Children have the ability to experience freedom and love at its best. Yet, even the nature has laws and different levels of interaction. There are different forms of play associated with how children will interact. Functional play is when children can explore using sense’s to figure out what they can do. Constructive play is used by children of all ages. In chapter 15, Enhancing Creativity, the different levels of play allow the child to develop a sense of there own personality. q Social Skills As children learn how to play and interact with each other, they learn social skills. They learn how to cooperate with each other, in order to accomplish what they need. Play allows them the ability to release a lot of so cial tension. In chapter 15, Enhancing Creativity, learned social skills are important in the development of the child. These are the first steps that the child will need to take to eventually take their place in the society.